Logical Operators in Python [ English ]

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1. Introduction

Logical operators in Python are used to combine multiple conditions and evaluate them as a single expression. They return a Boolean value (True or False).

They are mainly used in:

• Decision-making (if, while)
• Complex conditions

2. Types of Logical Operators

Python has three logical operators:

3. Logical AND (and)

Definition

Returns True only if both conditions are True.

Truth Table

Example

a = 10

print(a > 5 and a < 20)
print(a > 5 and a < 8)

Output

True
False

4. Logical OR (or)

Definition

Returns True if at least one condition is True.

Truth Table

Example

a = 10

print(a > 5 or a < 8)
print(a < 5 or a < 8)

Output

True
False

5. Logical NOT (not)

Definition

Reverses the Boolean value.

Truth Table

Example

a = 10

print(not(a > 5))

Output

False

6. Using Logical Operators in Conditions

age = 20

if age >= 18 and age <= 60:
    print("Eligible")

7. Short-Circuit Evaluation

Python uses short-circuiting:

• In and: stops if first condition is False
• In or: stops if first condition is True

Example

print(False and True)   # second condition not checked
print(True or False)    # second condition not checked

8. Logical Operators with Non-Boolean Values

Logical operators can return actual values (not just True/False).

print(0 and 5)
print(5 and 10)

print(0 or 5)
print(5 or 10)

Output

0
10
5
5

9. Practical Example

username = "admin"
password = "1234"

if username == "admin" and password == "1234":
    print("Login successful")
else:
    print("Invalid credentials")

10. Important Points

• Used to combine conditions
• Return True or False
• Support short-circuit evaluation
• Can work with non-boolean values

11. Summary

• Logical operators are used for decision-making.

• Types include:

  • and → both conditions must be True
  • or → at least one condition must be True
  • not → reverses result

• Useful in if statements and loops.

• Supports short-circuit evaluation.